Fig. 2

a recruitment of activated neutrophils into the inflamed interstitium and alveolar space by cytokines and chemokines secreted from infected epithelial and endothelial cells and activated alveolar macrophages; b cytokines and chemokines secreted by activated leukocytes cause cytokine and chemokine storms that are involved in the pathogenesis of ARDS; C dysregulation in homeostasis resulted in intra-alveolar or systemic fibrin clots and thrombotic complications. In each mentioned complication, the positive effects of VitD on the prevention and improvement of viral infections have been demonstrated